18 research outputs found
The Logic of the RAISE Specification Language
This paper describes the logic of the RAISE Specification Language, RSL. It explains the particular logic chosen for RAISE, and motivates this choice as suitable for a wide spectrum language to be used for designs as well as initial specifications, and supporting imperative and concurrent specifications as well as applicative sequential ones. It also describes the logical definition of RSL, its axiomatic semantics, as well as the proof system for carrying out proofs
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of an Obstacle Detection System for GoA 4 Freight Trains
In this paper, a quantitative risk assessment approach is discussed for the
design of an obstacle detection function for low-speed freight trains with
grade of automation (GoA)~4. In this 5-step approach, starting with single
detection channels and ending with a three-out-of-three (3oo3) model
constructed of three independent dual-channel modules and a voter, a
probabilistic assessment is exemplified, using a combination of statistical
methods and parametric stochastic model checking. It is illustrated that, under
certain not unreasonable assumptions, the resulting hazard rate becomes
acceptable for specific application settings. The statistical approach for
assessing the residual risk of misclassifications in convolutional neural
networks and conventional image processing software suggests that high
confidence can be placed into the safety-critical obstacle detection function,
even though its implementation involves realistic machine learning
uncertainties
CASL - The Common Algebraic Specification Language: Semantics and Proof Theory
CASL is an expressive specification language that has been designed to supersede many existing algebraic specification languages and provide a standard. CASL consists of several layers, including basic (unstructured) specifications, structured specifications and architectural specifications (the latter are used to prescribe the structure of implementations). We describe an simplified version of the CASL syntax, semantics and proof calculus at each of these three layers and state the corresponding soundness and completeness theorems. The layers are orthogonal in the sense that the semantics of a given layer uses that of the previous layer as a "black box", and similarly for the proof calculi. In particular, this means that CASL can easily be adapted to other logical systems